UNIT 8 The Passive

EXERCISE 1 :

Change the active to the passive by supplying the correct from of be.

1.   Tom opens the door .                           The door is opened by Tom.

2    Tom is opening the door.                      The door is being opened by Tom .

3.   Tom has opened the door.                    The door has been opened by Tom.

4.   Tom opened the door.                          The door was opened by Tom.

5.   Tom was opening the door.                   The door was being opened by Tom.

6.   Tom had opened the door.                    The door had been opened by Tom.

7.   Tom will open the door.                        The door will be opened by Tom.

8.   Tom is going to open the door.              The door is going to be opened by Tom.

9.   Tom will have opened the door.            The door will have been opened by Tom.

EXERCISE 2 :

Change the active to the passive.

1.   Shakespeare wrote the play.                               That play was written by Shakespeare.

2.   Bill will invite Ann to the party.           

      Ann will be invited to the party by Bill.

3.   Alex is preparing that report.                              

      That report is being prepared by Alex.

4.   Waitresses and waiters serve customers.

      Customers are served by waiters.

5.   The teacher is going to explain the lesson.

      The lesson is going to be explained by the teacher.

6.   Shirley has suggested a new idea.

      A new idea has been suggested by Shirley.

7.   Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.

      The farmer wagon was being pulled two horses.

8.   Kathy had returned the book the library.

      The book had been returned by Kathy.

9.   By this time tomorrow, the president will have the announcement.

      By this time tomorrow, the announcement will have been the president.

10. I didn’t write that note. Jim wrote it.

      That note was written by Jim not me.

11. Alice didn’t make that pie. Did Mrs. French make it?

      That pie had not been made by Alice. Did Mrs. French make it?

12. Does Prof. Jackson teach that course? I know that Prof. Adams doesn’t teach it.

      Was that course taught by Prof. Jackson? I know that Prof. Adams doesn’t teach it.

13. Mrs. Andrews hasn’t signed those papers yet. Has Mr. Andrews signed them yet?

      Those papers had not been signed by Mrs. Andrews. Has Mr. Andrews signed them yet?

14. Is Mr. Brown painting your house?

      Was your house being painted by Mr. Brown?

15. His tricks won’t fool me.

      I will not be fooled by his tricks.

EXERCISE 3 :

 Change the active to passive if possible. Some verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed.

1.   A strange thing happened yesterday. (No change)

2.   Jackie scored the winning goal.           The winning goal was scored by Jackie.

3.   My cat died. (No change)

4.   I agree with Dr. Ikeda’s theory. (No change)

5.   Dr. Ikeda developed that theory.

      That theory was developed by Dr. Ikeda.

6.   Timmy dropped the cup.

      The cup was dropped by Timmy.

7.   The cup fell to the floor. (No change)

8.   The assistant manager interviewed me.

      I was interviewed by the assistant me.

9.   It rained hard yesterday. (No change)

10. A hurricane destroyed the small fishing village.

      The small fishing village was destroyed by a hurricane.

11. Dinosaurs existed millions of year ago. (No change)

12. A large vase stands in the corner of our front hallway. (No change)

13. The children seemed happy when they went to the zoo. (No change)

14. After class, one of the students always erases the chalkboard.

      The chalkboard is always erases by one of the student.

15. The solution to my problem speared to me in a dream (No change)

EXERCISE 4 :

Why is the use of the passive appropriate in the following sentences? What would be the active equivalents of the passive sentences?

1.   My sweater was made in England.

      Ivan in England made my sweater.

2.   The new highway will be completed sometimes next month.

      Government will complete the new highway sometime next month.

3.   Language skill is taught in every school in the country.

      Every school in the country teaches language skill.

4.   Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony was performed at the concert last night.

      The concert performed Beethoven Seventh Symphony last night.

5.   The world cup soccer games are being televised all over the world.

      All over the world is televising the world cup soccer games.

6.   This composition was written by Ali. That one was written by Yoko.

      Ali wrote this composition Yoko wrote that one.

7.   The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day.

      Hundreds of people visit the Washington Monument every day.

8.   The chief writing material of ancient times was papyrus. It was used in Egypt, Greece, and other Mediterranean lands.

      In Egypt, Greece, and other Mediterranean lands used papyrus.

9.   Parchment, another writing material that was widely used in ancient times, was made from the skin of animals such as sheep and goats. After the hair had been removed, the skins were stretched and rubbed smooth.

      Parchment, another writing material that was widely used in ancient times, from the skin of animal such as sheep and goats. After the hair had been removed, the skins were stretched and rubbed smooth.

10. Paper, the main writing material today, was invented by the Chinese.

      Chinese invented papers the main writing material today.

EXERCISE 5:

Change the following active sentences to passive sentences if possible. (Some of the verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed). Keep the same tense. Include the “by phrase” only if necessary.

1.   People grow corn in low a.                    Corn is grown in low a.

2.   Peter came here two months ago. (No change)

3.   Someone made this antique table in 1734.

      The antique table was made in 1734.

4.   An accident happened at the corner of … (No change)

5.   Someone stole my purse.

      My purse was stolen by someone.

6.   Someone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen.

      The coffee was being made when I walked into the kitchen.

7.   Translator has translated that book into many languages.

      That book had translated by translator into many languages.

8.   Jim’s daughter drew that picture. My son drew this picture.

      That picture was drawn by Jim’s daughter. This picture was drawn by my son.

9.   The judges will judge the applicants on the basis of their originality.

      Judge will be the applicants on the basis of their originality.

10. My sister’s plane will arrive at 10.35. (No change)

11. Is professor Rivers teaching that course this semester?

      Was that course being taught by professor Rivers this semester?

12. When did someone invent to radio?

      When radio had been invented?

13. The mail carrier had already delivered the mail by the time I left for school this morning.

      The mail had been already delivered by the mail carrier by the time I left for school this morning.

14. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?

      When the result of the contest will be announced?

15. After the concert was over. Hundreds of fans mobbed the rock music star outside the theater.

      After the concert was over. The rock music star was mobbed by hundreds of fans outside the theater.

16. Ever since I arrived here., I have been living in the dormitory because someone told me that was cheaper to live there than in a apartment. (No change)

17. They are going to build the new hospital next year. They have already built the new elementary school.

      The new hospital is going to be built next year. They have already built the new elementary school.

18. If you expose a film to light while you are developing it, you will ruin the negatives. (No change)

EXERCISE 6:

Find the Indirect Object in each sentence, and make it the focus of attention by using it as the subject of a passive sentence. Use the “by phrase” only in necessary.

1.       Someone handed Ann a menu at the restaurant. (Indirect object – Ann) .

            Ann was handed a menu at the restaurant.

2.       Indian University has awarded Peggy a scholarship.  

            Peggy has been awarded a Scholarship by Indian University.

3.       Some company paid Fred three hundred dollars in consulting fees.  

            Fred was paid three hundred dollars by some company in consulting fees.

4.       A Local advertising company has offered Maria a good job.  

            Maria has been offered a good job by a local advertising company.

5.       They will send you a bill at the end of the month.  

             You will have been sent a bill by them at the end of the month.

6.       Someone will give the starving people a week’s supply of rice as soon as the food supplies arrive in the famine-stricken area.  

The starving people will have been gave a week’s supply of rice as soon as the food supplies arrive in the famine-stricken are by someone.

EXERCISE 7: Change the active to the passive.

Example : someone built that house ten years ago.

Response : that house was built ten years ago.

1.      Someone invited you to a party. 

            You were invited to a party.

2.      Someone wrote that book in 1987.  

            That book was written in 1987.

3.      (Someone) wrote that book in 1987.  

            That book was written in 1987.

4.      People grow rice in many countries.   

            Rice is grown in many countries.

5.      The secretary is typing the letter.  

            The letter is being typed.

6.      Someone is televising the game.   

            The game is being televised.

7.      Teacher reading in the first grade.   

            Reading is being taught in the first grade.

8.      Someone has offered (you) a good job.   

            You have been offered a good job.

9.      Someone told you to be here a ten.    

            You were told to be here a ten.

10.  Someone published that book in 1985.   

            That book was published in 1985.

11.  Someone has sent (you) an invitation to a wedding.   

            You have been sent an invitation to a wedding.

12.  Someone made that hat in Mexico. 

            That hat was made by someone in Mexico.

13.  In the early 80s, Photographs of Mars (send) had been sent back to earth by unmanned space probes. From these photographs scientist have been able to make detailed maps of the surface of Mars.

14.  A network of lines (discover) was discovered on Mars. Astronomer (call) called these lines “channels”, but when the Italian word (translate) was translated into English, it became “canals”. As a result, some people thought the lines were waterways that (build) has been built by some unknown living creatures. We now know that the lines are not really canals. Canals (exist, not) are not existed on Mars.

EXERCISE 8:

Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive.

1.       James should be told the news as soon as possible.( should + tell )

2.       Someone should told James the news immediately.(should + tell)

3.       James should have been told the news a long time ago.(should + tell)

4.       Meat must be kept in a refrigerator or it will spoil.(must + keep)

5.       You must kept meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil.(must + keep)

6.       We tried, but the window couldn’t have been opened it was painted shut.(couldn’t + open)

7.       I tried, but i couldn’t opened the window.(couldn’t + open)

8.       Good news! I may have been offered a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.( may + offer)

9.       Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday may have offered her a job soon. ( may + offer)

10.   I hope Chris accepts our job offer, but i know she’s been having interviews with several companies. she may already been offered job by a competing firm before we made our offer.( may + already + offer *)

11.   A competing firm may already offered Chris a job before we made our offer.( may + already + offer *)

5 kalimat simple centences dan complex sentences

simple sentences

1.      She  wash  the car

   s       v        o

2.      He  was  claiming  his girlfriend

  s  to be   v+ing             o

3.      She  sings  a song

  s       v        o

4.      He  will  throw  those pebbles

 s    ket    v1             o

5.      We  ate  porridge  last night

 s      v2       o             ket

complex sentences

1.      When  she  cried  because  her  ice  cream  fell,  a  man  came  and  give  her  another  ice 

              s      v                               o                           s                 v                             o

 cream,  at  that  second,  her  cry  was  replaced  by  a  smile

                                           s                v                        o

2.      Everyone  has  day  own  comfort  place  in  which  they  feel  relaxed  when  they  were  there

         s           p                     o                                                            k

3.      A spendthrift person has to deal with a consequences later after she conscious that she has

    s                                                                                                                      s

spent all of her money.

    v              o

4.      Do as much pray as you can when you need something, but still, do as much pray as you can to

                                  s                                                                                          v

thank God when your needs fulfilled bookmark.

5.      Neither  of  moon and earth could shine its own ray, they just reflecting the ray, but star

                               s                          p                           s                     o

could bookmark

 

Vocabulary development

Fill in the blank whit appropriate words from the list to complete the following sentences.

1.Yolanda was very sad  when her cat died, and all her friends sympathized whit her.They knew how much she loved her cat.

2.Paul wants to become a doctor. Naturally, he has to go to school for many years and work very hard.

3.When Debbie said she wanted to go to china for two months, her family had many suggestion  before deciding to let her go.

4.It is interesting to observe how students act on the fisrt day of school. Some are relaxed, but most are shy and uncomfortable.

5.Many little children sleep with a small light on in their rooms, because darkness is intimidating to them.

6.Kaisha didn’t like her new haircut at all, but she knew her hair would grow long again gradually.

7.When Maria goes to a part, she loves to get compliments on her pretty dress.

8.Stephen loves to shop in department stores. He always gives away his old clothes and wears the current fashions.

9.Sra like to express her opinions on everything even if nobody wants to hear them. Sometimes she is dislike because of this.

10.A grade of 100% is a perfect score. It means that the students made on mistake on the test.

11.When min chen to Queens collage, she discovered that many people from her city in China were also students there.

12.When Carlos wanted to have a party for his wife, he asked for discussions for interesting food to prepare. After many friends tried to help him, he decided to use his favorite old recipes.

13.Applying to colegge means sending in an application, getting records from high school, writing your life story, and going for interviews. It is a long proless and it makes students nervous.

14.My friend think, that smoking is a dirty and dangerous habit. I agree whit their negative opinion.

15.People who want to lose weight should eliminate candy and ice cream from their diet.

TRUE/FALSE

Are the following statement true or false ? circle the correct answer

1.      not many people are shy         (F)

2.      others make us shy            (F)

3.      shy people have negative thought about themselves     (F)

4.      at a party , try to speak whit at least one person . this is a first step in fighting shyness    (F)

5.      giving someone a compliment is a good why to start small talk      (T)     

6.      shyness should be kept a scrret     (T)

7.      every person has good qualities       (T)

8.      we can quickly eliminate shyness when we deside to don that   (F)

9.      we can reduce shyness whit a step-by-step plan    (T)

10.  only perfect people are not shy     (F)

TRUE / FALSEApakah pernyataan berikut benar atau salah? lingkaran jawaban yang benar1. tidak banyak orang yang pemalu2. lain membuat kita malu3. orang enggan berpikir negatif tentang diri mereka sendiri4. di sebuah pesta, cobalah untuk berbicara sedikit pun setidaknya satu orang. ini merupakan langkah pertama dalam melawan rasa malu5. memberi seseorang pujian adalah bagus mengapa untuk memulai pembicaraan kecil6. rasa malu harus disimpan scrret sebuah7. setiap orang memiliki kualitas yang baik8. kita dapat dengan cepat menghilangkan rasa malu ketika kita memutuskan untuk don bahwa9. kita bisa mengurangi rasa malu sedikit pun rencana langkah-demi-langkah10. hanya orang yang sempurna tidak malu

UNIT 4 PSICHOLOGY ENGLIS

ON BEING SHY

How I Wish I Weren’t Shy !

Preview The Topic !

1.    Is it difficult for you to ask strangers for the directions or information ?

2.    Do you let other make decision for you because you are afraid to speak up ?

3.    When you are with people who talk with others easily , do you wish you were able to do that ?

4.    In what situations do you feel shy and uncomfortable ?

READING

            How many times have you felt angry whit your self because you were too shy to speak up when you really wanted to have to conversation whit others person ? Are parties times for standing in the corner and watching others chat and dance – afraid to join them ? Do you listen to discussions but do not give your opinions because you think you are not smart enough ? Do you wish you be friendly but don’t know how ? All these thoughts lead to unhappy feelings.

            This kind of unhappiness comes about not because other people are trying to hurt us. We make this unhappiness for ourselves. Naturally, we really don’t to hurt ourselves, but often we group up thinking we are not as good as others – we are inferior, everyone is better, smarter, and more interesting. These negative thoughts make us shy. Why do we do this to ourselves ? Only a psychologist can discover the reasons. It is interesting to note that very large numbers of people are shy. There is, however, goodnews. If we want to get rid of shyness , it can be done.

            We can help ourselves be rid of shyness. Nobody is perfect, and everybody has good qualities . Is it fair to pay attention to our imperfections and overlook our good qualities ? Definitely not ! The following suggestions may be helpful in reducing shyness.

1.    First , understand that you cannot eliminate shyness overnight. It is a slow process that you must work in gradually.

2.    Think about situations when being shy is most painful. Perhaps your biggest problem is making small talk with a stranger at a party . In that case , prepare yourself whit some interesting current news to talk about . The weather is a topic often used for starting conversations.

3.    Getting the other person to talk about himself / herself is a clever idea . Many people enjoy talking about themselves – or giving their opinions . For example, you can say something like , “ I notice you like modern jewelry , your rings are very unusual . Did you design them yourself ?” This can be the start of a friendship.

4.    Whenever you begin making negative comparisons between yourself and others , force yourself to stop doing that immediately . Take your thoughts of yourself. Observe others and think of a compliment with which to start a conversation with someone.

5.    If you are shy at work where there are many coworkers, choose the least intimidating person to the perhaps have coffee with or make casual small talk with.

6.    Knows that if in effort to socialize sometimes in unsuccessful, it happens to everyone now and then. Feel proud of yourself for making the effort.

7.     If you are required to give a report to a group, tell them that you feel nervous. This feeling is quite natural , and everyone can sympathize. Expressing that the group will make you feel better.

8.    Think about your good qualities and believe that you are as good as anyone else…… Because you are!

9.    Take a course in developing self-confidence or read books on the subject.

Life is much more enjoyable for people who are not shy.

Ø  TRANSLATION

MENJADI PEMALU

Bagaimana supaya saya tidak menjadi pemalu !

Lihatlah pembahasannya !

            Sudah berapa sering kamu merasa marah dengan hal yg kecil di dirimu karena kamu malu untuk berbicara ketika kamu benar-benar ingin bercakapan dengan orang lain? Apakah sekumpulan orang yang sedang berdiri dan mengobrol dengan yang lain dan menari-nari di ruangan – takut untuk bergabung dengan mereka? Apakah kamu mendengarkan diskusi tetapi tidak memberikan opini-opini kamu karena kamu pikir kamu tidak cukup pandai? Apakah kamu ingin menjadi seorang yang mudah bergaul tetapi tidak tahu bagaimana caranya? Semua pemikiran yang mengenai hal ini membuat perasaan yang tidak menyenangkan.

            Hal ini tidak menyenangkan karena orang lain mencoba untuk menyakiti kami. Kami membuat ini tidak menyenangkan untuk diri kamu sendiri. Secara alami, kami sungguh tidak melukai diri kami sendiri, tetapi kami sering berpikir kami tidak sebaik dengan yang lain, kami kurang cerdas, setiap orang lebih baik, lebih pandai, dan lebih menarik. Pemikiran negative ini membuat kami malu. Mengapa kami melakukan ini pada diri kami sendiri? Hanya seorang psikolog yang bias menemukan alasannya. Ini menarik untuk dicatat bahwa banyak orang yang pemalu. Ada , bagaimanapun , berita baik. Jika kami ingin melepaskan diri dari sifat pemalu, itu bisa dilakukan.

            Kami bisa melepaskan diri kami dari sifat pemalu, tidak seorang pun yang sempurna, dan setiap orang memiliki kemampuan yang bagus. Apakah ini adil untuk membayar ketidaksempurnaan kami, dan terlihat kemampuan kami yang bagus? Tidak pasti ! Ikutilah saran-saran yang dapat membantu mengurangi sifat pemalu.

1.    Pertama, mengerti bahwa kamu tidak bisa menyingkirkan sifat pemalu. Ini adalah sebuah proses awal bahwa kamu harus bekerja dengan setahap demi setahap.

2.    Berpikir tentang situasi ketika sifat pemalu sangat menyakitkan. Mungkin masalah yang paling besar adalah sedikit berbicara dengan orang asing di pesta. Pada umumnya, persiapkan dirimu tentang berita-berita yang menarik untuk dibicarakan. Cuaca adalah sebuah topic yang sering digunakan untuk memulai percakapan.

3.    Dapatkan pembicaraan tentang dirinya sendiri adalah ide yang bagus. Banyak orang yyang membicarakan tentang diri mereka sendiri atau memberikan opini-opini mereka. Contoh, kamu bisa mengatakan sesuatu seperti, “saya memperhatikan kamu seperti perhiasan yang modern, cincin-cincin kamu sangat tidak biasa digunakan. Apakah kamu yang membentuk dirimu sendiri?

4.    Kapanpun kamu mulai membuat perbandingan negative antara dirimu dan yang lain, kekuatan dirimu untuk berhenti melakukan itu dengan segera. Ambillah pemikiran tentang dirimu sendiri. Memperhatikan yang lain dan berpikir memberikan salam untuk memulai percakapan dengan seseorang.

    

5. Jika Anda enggan bekerja di mana terdapat banyak rekan kerja, memilih orang yang paling menakutkan ke mungkin minum kopi dengan atau berbasa-basi dengan santai.6. Tahu bahwa jika dalam usaha untuk mensosialisasikan kadang tidak berhasil, hal itu terjadi pada semua orang sekarang dan kemudian. Merasa bangga dengan diri Anda untuk membuat usaha.7. Jika Anda diminta untuk memberikan laporan ke grup, mengatakan kepada mereka bahwa Anda merasa gugup. Perasaan ini sangat alami, dan setiap orang dapat bersimpati. Menyatakan bahwa kelompok akan membuat Anda merasa lebih baik.8. Pikirkan tentang kualitas yang baik dan percaya bahwa Anda sebaik orang lain ... ... Karena Anda!9. Ambil kursus dalam mengembangkan kepercayaan diri atau membaca buku-buku pada subjek.
Hidup jauh lebih menyenangkan bagi orang yang tidak pemalu.